Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e absenteísmo de professores da educação básica / Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and basic education teacher absenteeism / Actividad física, sedentarismo y ausentismo de profesores de enseñanza básica

O absenteísmo é caracterizado pelo distanciamento do funcionário ao trabalho, se tratando de um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial. Devido ao número de afastamentos atribuídos em 2018, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre nível de atividade física (NAF), comportamento sedentário (CS) e absenteísmo de professores da educação básica do município de Divinópolis-MG. A amostra foi composta por 84 docentes de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 45,12±8,88 anos. Realizou-se a identificação do absenteísmo através de questionário sociodemográfico e para NAF e CS utilizou-se o International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) - versão curta. O valor de alfa foi estabelecido em 5%. A análise de relação, dada pelo Qui- Quadrado, demonstrou que o não absenteísmo no ano de 2019 está relacionado com exercer cargo efetivo (p=0,030), lecionar no Ensino Fundamental I (p=0,041) e ser fisicamente ativo (p=0,003). Pode-se observar pela correlação de Spearman que o absenteísmo está correlacionado ao NAF (rho=-0,321; p=0,003) e ao cargo exercido (rho= 0,237; p=0,030). A Regressão de Poisson indicou que docentes com cargo temporário apresentaram 74% menos chances de ocorrência de absenteísmo quando comparados àqueles que exerciam cargo efetivo (p<0,001; Exp. ß= 0,744; IC=0,655- 0,844) e que professores irregularmente ativos demonstraram 123% mais chances de ocorrência de afastamento comparados aos fisicamente ativos (p=0,004; Exp. ß= 1,234; IC=1,070-1,423). Conclui-se que docentes fisicamente ativos, que atuavam em cargos temporários no Ensino Fundamental I, comparados com professores do Ensino Infantil, possuíam menor probabilidade de absenteísmo, sugerindo que o NAF pode ser preditor do afastamento de professores da rede municipal.

Absenteeism is characterized by the distancing of the employee from work, being a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. Due to the number of absences attributed in 2018, the objective of this study was to verify the association between physical activity level (PAL), sedentary behavior (CS) and absenteeism of basic education teachers in the city of Divinópolis-MG. The sample consisted of 84 teachers of both genders, with a mean age of 45.12±8.88 years old. The identification of absenteeism was carried out through a sociodemographic questionnaire and for PAL and CS the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) - short version was used. The alpha value was set at 5%. The relationship analysis, given by the Chi-Square, showed that non- absenteeism in 2019 is related to holding an effective position (p=0.030), teaching in Elementary School I (p=0.041) and being physically active (p=0.003). It can be seen from Spearman's correlation that absenteeism is correlated with PAL (rho=-0.321; p=0.003) and position held (rho= 0.237; p=0.030). Poisson Regression indicated that professors with a temporary position were 74% less likely to have absenteeism when compared to those who held a permanent position (p<0.001; Exp. ß= 0.744; CI=0.655-0.844) and that irregularly active professors demonstrated 123% more chances of sick leave compared to physically active (p=0.004; Exp. ß= 1.234; CI=1.070-1.423). It is concluded that physically active teachers, who worked in temporary positions in Elementary School I, compared to teachers in Kindergarten, had a lower probability of absenteeism, suggesting that the PAL can be a predictor of the removal of teachers from the municipal network.

El ausentismo se caracteriza por el alejamiento del empleado del trabajo, siendo un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial. Debido al número de ausencias atribuidas en 2018, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la asociación entre el nivel de actividad física (NAC), el comportamiento sedentario (CS) y el ausentismo de los profesores de educación básica en la ciudad de Divinópolis-MG. La muestra fue constituida por 84 profesores de ambos sexos, con edad media de 45,12±8,88 años. La identificación del absentismo se realizó a través de un cuestionario sociodemográfico y para PAL y CS se utilizó el International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) - versión corta. El valor alfa se fijó en el 5%. El análisis de relación, dado por el Chi-Cuadrado, mostró que el no ausentismo en 2019 está relacionado con ocupar un cargo efectivo (p=0,030), enseñar en la Escuela Primaria I (p=0,041) y ser físicamente activo (p=0,003). De la correlación de Spearman se desprende que el absentismo está correlacionado con el PAL (rho=-0,321; p=0,003) y el cargo desempeñado (rho= 0,237; p=0,030). La regresión de Poisson indicó que los profesores con un puesto temporal tenían un 74% menos de probabilidades de absentismo en comparación con los que ocupaban un puesto permanente (p<0,001; Exp. ß= 0,744; CI=0,655-0,844) y que los profesores irregularmente activos mostraban un 123% más de probabilidades de baja por enfermedad en comparación con los físicamente activos (p=0,004; Exp. ß= 1,234; CI=1,070-1,423). Se concluye que los profesores físicamente activos, que trabajaban en puestos temporales en la Escuela Primaria I, en comparación con los profesores del Jardín de Infancia, tenían una menor probabilidad de absentismo, lo que sugiere que el PAL puede ser un predictor de la baja de los profesores de la red municipal.

The role of motivation and life satisfaction on chilean university students' physical activity and sedentary behavior / O papel da motivação e satisfação com a vida na atividade física e comportamento sedentário de estudantes universitários chilenos

ABSTRACT Motivation is a fundamental element for the practice of physical activity and the feeling of satisfaction with life. However, little is known about the role of such psychological variables in the lifestyle of Chilean university students. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between life satisfaction and the regulations of motivation and to compare such variables by physical activity level and sedentary behaviour of university students. The sample comprised 95 Chilean university students (63.2% female), with a mean age of 20.92 ± 1.98 years. The instruments were the IPAQ, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Descriptive measures, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Student's t-tests were used to analyse the data. The results revealed positive and significant correlations between life satisfaction and intrinsic (r = 0,44), integrated (r = 0,38), and identified (r = 0,41) regulation. Students with high levels of physical activity scored higher for intrinsic, integrated, and identified regulation. Those who reported low sedentary behaviour showed higher identified regulation. Therefore, it is suggested that students' motivational regulation may differ on some dimensions as those with higher levels of physical activity show more adaptive motivational regulation. Identified regulation also seems to play an important role in decreasing sedentary behaviour.

RESUMO A motivação é elemento fundamental para a prática de atividade física e o sentimento de satisfação com a vida. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o papel de tais variáveis psicológicas no estilo de vida de estudantes universitários chilenos. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar as relações entre a satisfação com a vida e as regulações da motivação, e comparar tais variáveis em função do nível de atividade física e do comportamento sedentário de estudantes universitários. A amostra foi composta por 95 estudantes universitários chilenos (63,2% do gênero feminino), com idade média de 20,92 ± 1,98 anos. Os instrumentos avaliados foram o IPAQ, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e o Questionário de Regulação do Comportamento do Exercício. Medidas descritivas, coeficientes de correlação de Pearson e testes t de Student foram utilizados para analisar os dados. Os resultados revelaram correlações positivas e significativas entre satisfação com a vida e regulação intrínseca (r = 0,44), integrada (r = 0,38) e identificada (r = 0,41). Os estudantes com alto nível de atividade física obtiveram maiores pontuações para regulação intrínseca, integrada e identificada. Os indivíduos que reportaram menor comportamento sedentário possuíam maior regulação identificada. Desse modo, sugere-se que a regulação motivacional dos estudantes pode ser diferente em algumas dimensões, sendo que os indivíduos com maior nível de atividade física semanal demonstram regulações motivacionais mais adaptativas. A regulação identificada também parece desempenhar um papel importante para a redução do comportamento sedentário.

A Scoping Review of the Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour and its Health Outcomes among Adults in Asia during the COVID-19 Outbreak

@#The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has led to imposed movement restrictions and lockdowns to curb the spread of COVID-19 cases in the community. These lockdowns had greatly changed people’s daily lives, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The aim of this scoping review was to establish available evidence linked to physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among adults in the Asia region during the COVID-19 outbreak. This scoping review was conducted using Arksey & O’Malley’s protocol with 132 studies included after full-text screening. Changes in PA were reported in 122 studies and SB in 50 studies. Most studies reported a reduction in the total level of PA and a hike in sedentary and screen time. This decrement in PA and increment in SB was related to poor mental health, body weight increase and complications in COVID-19 patients, while participants who maintained or improved their PA reported better health outcomes.

Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep and health outcomes in older adults: a systematic review protocol / Combinações de atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono e desfechos de saúde em idosos: protocolo de revisão sistemática

Recent systematic reviews highlighted important relationships between combinations of movement behaviors (ie. sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) and health outcomes among children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether similar relationships occur in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this protocol was to describe the aims and methods for a systematic review to sum-marize the studies examining the relationships between movement behaviors and health outcomes in older adults.A systematic review will be developed based on searches of articles in seven electronic databases and references of retrieved articles, contact with authors, and study repositories. Eligibility criteria: observational or experimental studies examining the association of at least two movement behaviours (sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) with health outcomes in older adults (≥ 60 years old). Selection of the studies and extraction of the data will be carried out by two reviewers independently. Characteristics of the study, participants, methods of combinations, and main results will be extracted and described. Risk of bias and level of evidence in the studies will be assessed according to the study quality tool of the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the GRADE guidelines. The data will be synthesized using random effects meta-analysis for results that are sufficiently homogeneous in terms of statistical, clinical, and methodological characteristics. If not, then a narrative synthesis will be conducted. The results of this review may provide insights to improve current guidelines on 24-hour cycle in older adults, as well as guide future studies in this research field

Recentes revisões sistemáticas têm demonstrado haver uma relação entre combinações de sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física e desfechos de saúde em crianças e adolescentes. Entretanto, ainda permanece incerto se essas relações ocorrem de forma similar em idosos. Portanto, este protocolo objetivou descrever os objetivos e métodos de uma revisão sistemática que sumarizará os estudos que examinaram a relação entre combinações de sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física e desfechos de saúde em idosos. Uma revisão sistemática será desenvolvida com base nas buscas de artigos em sete bases de dados, nas referências dos artigos incluídos, em contato com os autores e em repositório de estudos. Como critérios de inclusão, estudos observacionais ou experimentais analisando a associação entre a combinação de pelo menos dois dos três comportamentos (sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física) com desfechos de saúde em idosos (≥ 60 anos). O processo de seleção e extração dos dados será realizado por dois revisores de forma independente. As características dos estudos, participantes, métodos de combinação dos comportamentos e principais resultados serão extraídos e descritos. O risco de viés e o nível de evidência serão analisados, respectivamente, pela ferramenta de avaliação de qualidade do US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute e pelo guideline GRADE. Os dados serão sintetizados usando metanálise com efeitos randômicos quando os resultados apresentaram suficiente homogeneidade estatística, clínica e metodológica. Do contrário, os resultados serão apresentados por meio de síntese narrativa. Os resultados desta revisão podem fornecer informações para aprimorar as diretrizes do ciclo das 24 horas, bem como podem fornecer informações para futuros estudos nesse campo de pesquisa

Moving it for Weight Loss

@#The rate of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, with significant health impact. Obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality and weight loss should take a multi-pronged approach, including dietary control and physical activity. The lack of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, as well as poor cardiorespiratory fitness are all independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality as well, thus it is important to advise lifestyle changes to address these issues. Most individuals who have no contraindications can embark on light- to moderate-intensity physical activity without the need for medical clearance. Specific advice on physical activity should be given, targeting the individual, and this can be done using the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle. Physical activity should also be reviewed regularly and progressed gradually to target physical activity guidelines. Individuals should also be encouraged to replace sedentary behaviour with at least light-intensity physical activity whenever possible.

Interpretation of the World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#The World Health Organization (WHO) released the WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in November 2020. Compared with the 2010 WHO guidelines, this guideline has incorporated more extensive medical evidence and made targeted recommendations for special populations. The main content includes physical activity and sedentary behaviour advice for children and adolescents, adults, older adults, pregnant and postpartum women, people with chronic conditions, and disability. This review will interpret the 2020 WHO guidelines in detail.

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of ambulatory older adults in a developed Asian community: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION@#Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) independently influence the health outcomes of older adults. Both provide interventional opportunities for successful ageing. We aimed to determine levels of PA and SB in ambulatory older adults and their associated factors in a developed Asian population known for its longevity.@*METHODS@#We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in a Singapore public primary healthcare centre. Multi-ethnic Asian adults aged ≥ 60 years took an interviewer-administered questionnaire survey. PA and SB were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE; score range 0 to > 400) and the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire for the Elderly, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Among 397 participants (50.9% female; 73.2% Chinese; 47.9% aged ≥ 70 years; 33.5% employed, including voluntary work), 58.7% had ≥ 3 chronic illnesses and 11.1% required walking aids. The median PASE score was 110.8 (interquartile range 73.8-171.6) and decreased significantly with increasing age. Higher PASE score was associated with higher educational level, employment, independent ambulation without aid, and fewer chronic illnesses (p < 0.01). Employment status significantly influenced PASE score (β = 84.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 66.5-103.4; p < 0.01). 37.0% spent ≥ 8 hours daily on sedentary activity and were twice as likely to do so if they were employed (odds ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.34-3.59; p < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The PA of the older adults decreased with increasing age and increased with employment. One-third of them were sedentary for ≥ 8 hours daily. Those who were employed were twice as likely to have SB.

Exercício cíclico na saúde cardiovascular da mulher: uma análise pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca / Women's cardiovascular health exercise: an analysis of heart rate variability

Introdução: Doenças cardiovasculares permanecem como a principal causa de morte em mulheres. Alguns recursos, como a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), permitem predizer os riscos de intercorrências. Esta análise permite verificar de forma não invasiva as influências do sistema nervoso autônomo sobre o nodo sinusal, estando a predominância da sinalização simpática, associada a desfechos negativos. O exercício físico é a medida preventiva com melhor custo benefício para a manutenção da saúde cardiovascular e os estudos mais recentes vêm demonstrando sua capacidade em modular a atividade autonômica. Objetivo: Verificar se o exercício físico cíclico é capaz de aumentar a VFC em mulheres, independente da condição clínica. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática orientada pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. As buscas foram realizadas entre julho e agosto de 2019 nas bases de dados: Medline via Pubmed, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Central). Resultados: Foram identificados 492 artigos, dos quais, 14 estudos participaram da seleção final, totalizando 1.579 mulheres. Condições como: gestação, pós-menopausa, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, envelhecimento, cirurgia de by-pass gástrico, fibromialgia e ovários policísticos foram abordadas. Os dois únicos estudos que se opuseram a efetividade do exercício físico apresentaram uma sessão semanal, quantidade incapaz de promover tais benefícios. Conclusão: O exercício cíclico foi capaz de aumentar a sinalização parassimpática, com consequente aumento da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Estes achados confirmam que o exercício prescrito corretamente é capaz de alterar positivamente a modulação autonômica cardíaca, reduzindo as chances de intercorrências. (AU)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in women. Some features, such as heart rate variability (HRV), allow to predict future risk events. This analysis aimed to verify noninvasively the influences of the autonomic nervous system on the sinus node, by sympathetic and parasympathetic afferents. The predominance of sympathetic activation is associated with negative outcomes. Exercise is the most cost-effective preventive measure for maintaining cardiovascular health. More recent studies with male and female population have demonstrated their ability to modulate autonomic activity. Objective: To verify whether cyclic exercise can increase HRV in women, regardless of clinical condition. Methods: This is a systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyzes (PRISMA) guideline. Searches were performed between July and August 2019 in the databases: Medline via Pubmed, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Library Central Cochrane. Results: 492 articles were identified, of which 14 studies participated in the discussion of this study, totaling 1.579 women. Conclusion: Cyclic exercise was able to increase parasympathetic signaling, with consequent increase in heart rate variability. These findings confirm that correctly prescribed exercise can positively alter cardiac autonomic modulation, reducing the chances of complications. (AU)

Sedentary behaviour and their association with academic performance among high school students in South Tamil Nadu

Background: Sedentary behaviour refers to activities that require very low energy expenditure where sitting or lying is the dominant posture. It is reported that children spend approximately 80% of their day in sedentary behaviours. It is an important risk factor for physical, psychological and socio-emotional health among school children. Epidemiological studies have shown that spending excessive time in sedentary behaviors have a negative impact on academic performance. The objectives of this study were to study the proportion of sedentary behaviours among high school students. To find out whether any association exist between sedentary behaviors with academic performance.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from July to September, 2018 among high school students in a government school, Kanyakumari district. 213 students from class 9th and 10th standard participated in our study. Permission was obtained from school authorities after explaining the purpose of study. Data was collected using a pre tested questionnaire. Study variables included internet usage, watching television, duration of sleep, physical activity and academic performance. Data was entered in MS-Excel, analyzed for proportions, chi-square using SPSS version 16.0.Results: 61% watched TV more than 2 hours a day. 59.6% of the students spend >2 hours a day for internet browsing. 60% of the students spend <30 minutes a day for doing exercise. 45% of the students reported sleeping for 8 to 10 hours. Internet browsing and watching TV have shown significant association with academic performance.Conclusions: Sedentary behaviours are on the rise among school children. Multi component school-based interventions are necessary to minimize sedentary behaviours among school children.

Factors Associated with Obesity among School Children in Amman, Jordan

ntroduction: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity, sedentary behaviour, television (TV) watching, small screen recreation (SSR), and perinatal life influences (breast-feeding, birth weight) among Jordanian school children. Methods: A total of 117 school children (56 obese and 61 normal weight) aged between 11 and 15 years were selected by using multistage cluster sampling method. Parents were requested to complete the first part of a questionnaire on family background,while the second part on adolescent sedentary behaviour was completed by the participants in the school. Anthropometric data were collected and presence of fat mass (%FM) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Sedentary behaviour (hours/day) was significantly higher in obese school children compared to normal weight (4.43±0.60, 3.29±0.68, respectively; P <0.05), and positively associated with BMI (r=0.270, P<0.05). Normal weight children spent less time on watching TV (hours/day) compared to obese children (2.01±0.10, 2.34±0.16, respectively; P<0.05), and spent 2.55±1.6 (hours/day) in small screen recreation (SSR) compared to 3.89±1.0 (hours/day) of obese children. Both watching TV and SSR was significantly associated with BMI (r=0.260, r=0.201, respectively; P<0.05). Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (months) was significantly higher in normal weight than obese children (7.70±3.01, 5.05±2.01, respectively; P<0.05), and negatively associated with BMI (r=-0.254) and %FM (r =-0.330). Conclusion: Sedentary behaviour and watching TV were important risk factors for obesity among 11-15 years old Jordanian school children. A national policy promoting active living and reducing sedentary behaviour among school children is recommended.

Obesidade abdominal: prevalência, fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida associados em adolescentes / Abdominal obesity: prevalence, sociodemographic and lifestyle-associated factors in adolescents

INTRODUCTION: Among human development stages, adolescence comprises the period in which intense somatic and behavioural changes occur¹. In this period of life, the presence of detrimental health habits can be consolidated until and into adulthood, and can be a precursor for higher risk of mortality and chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors among adolescents, independent of confounders. METHODS: A sample of 14-17-year-old individuals (n = 1.231), who were students from Londrina/PR - Brazil public schools, was studied. A questionnaire about physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic conditions was applied. Anthropometry was composed of body weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI = kg/m²) and waist circumference (cm). The association of abdominal obesity and independent variables was assessed using the chi-square test and the magnitude of associations was verified using Binary Logistic Regression in an unadjusted model and adjusted for confounders (gender, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behaviour). The confidence interval and statistical significance were set at 95% and 5%, respectively, using SPSS v15.0. RESULTS: The abdominal obesity prevalence was 17.5% (CI = 15.4%-19.6%), and was higher in boys than in girls. Adolescents with abdominal obesity had higher values of body weight, height, body mass index and sedentary behaviour compared to eutrophic individuals. Being male increased the risk of abdominal obesity by 36% in adolescents. This risk was two times higher in those with high levels of sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity was significantly associated with gender and high levels of sedentary behaviour, regardless of confounding factors. Lifestyle habits are important modifiable risk factors that can effectively contribute to the reduction of obesity from an early age.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e fatores associados em adolescentes brasileiros, independentemente de fatores de confusão. MÉTODO: Amostra composta por adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos (n = 1.231), alunos de escolas públicas de Londrina/PR-Brasil. Um questionário sobre o nível de atividade física, comportamento sedentário e condições socioeconômicas foi aplicado. A antropometria foi composta por peso corporal (kg), estatura (m), índice de massa corporal (IMC = kg/m²) e circunferência de cintura (cm). A associação entre obesidade abdominal e as variáveis independentes foi verificada pelo teste qui-quadrado e a magnitude das associações verificada por Regressão Logística Binária no modelo não-ajustado e ajustado por confundidores (sexo, idade, nível socioeconômico, atividade física e comportamento sedentário). O intervalo de confiança e a significância estatística foram fixados em 95% e 5%, respectivamente, por meio da utilização do programa estatístico SPSS v15.0. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi de 17,5% (IC = 15,4%-19,6%) em adolescentes brasileiros, sendo maior em meninos do que em meninas. Indivíduos com obesidade abdominal apresentaram maiores valores de peso corporal, estatura, índice de massa corporal e comportamento sedentário do que indivíduos eutróficos. Ser do sexo masculino elevou em 50% o risco de adolescentes apresentarem obesidade abdominal. Esse risco foi duas vezes maior nos que tiveram elevado comportamento sedentário. CONCLUSÃO: Obesidade abdominal foi associada significativamente ao sexo e ao elevado comportamento sedentário, independentemente de fatores de confusão. Hábitos de vida são importantes fatores de risco modificáveis que podem contribuir efetivamente na redução da obesidade desde idades precoces.

Project PANK: Rationale, study protocol and baseline results of a multidisciplinary school based intervention in children with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors

Abstract Aims: Cardiovascular disease risk factors occur more frequently in children with obesity. Project PANK is a multidisciplinary school-based intervention lasting 6 months to improve BMI z-score, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), blood pressure (BP), nutrition, physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). Methods/DesignA total of 77 children (7-10 years) were recruited from an urban school. The protocol includes PA and SB individual meetings for children/parents; increasing school exercise; PA and SB lessons for children; A goal in the number of steps/day to accomplish in and after school. In nutrition, the protocol includes three individual meetings for children/parents and six lessons for children. ResultsPositive associations were found between the BMI Z-score, WC, and WHtR with TG; the BMI Z-score and WHtR with glucose; the light PA time and HDL-C; the vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous PA with CRF; the caloric intake and lipids with LDL-C, BMI z-score, WC, and WHtR. A negative association was found between CRF and TG. ConclusionBaseline results stress the importance of multidisciplinary school-based interventions. We hypothesized that PANK will improve blood variables, anthropometric measures, and BP, by changing food intake, enhancing PA and CRF, and decreasing SB.(AU)

Sedentary Behaviour and Life Satisfaction in High School Students.

In the context of cultural and socio-economical changes, emerging from the dynamic development of technical civilization, a sedentary lifestyle is a phenomenon which is more and more common. The relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and health in the biological dimension is very often investigated, but attention should also be paid to the psychosocial aspect of being inactive. The aim of this paper is to determine the time spent in a seated position and life satisfaction in high school students, and to study whether physical inactivity correlates with overall satisfaction with life. For the purposes of this study 301 students, 184 women and 117 men, of the five largest high schools in Kielce (Poland) were tested. To assess the level of satisfaction with life, the SWLS test – The Satisfaction with Life Scale in Polish adaptation by Juczyński – was used. The respondents also described how much time per day they spent sitting last week, not counting the weekend. Respondents estimated the daily average of being seated in the working week as 8 hours. Fifteen per cent of high school students declared a completely sedentary lifestyle (12 hours or more in a sitting position). Almost 38% of the respondents reported on average, 32% low and 30% of the high level of satisfaction with their own lives. There was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) due to the gender of the respondents. There was no significant correlation (p<0.05) between the degree of satisfaction with life and the amount of time spent in a sitting position: for the total sample (r=0.0311, p=0.591), in women (r=0.018; p=0.812) and men (r=0.046; p=0.625). Organized forms of physical activity, health training and recreational sport serve valuable purposes which may be an individual challenge that provides to an opportunity to increase life satisfaction.

Is habitual sedentary behaviour time associated with lower extremity performance independent of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in older adults? −Cross-sectional analysis using uniaxial accelerometer– / 体力科学

Habitual moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity positively impacts lower extremely performance in older adults. However, little is known whether habitual sedentary behaviour time independently impacts lower extremity performance. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify whether sedentary behaviour time is associated with lower extremity performance independent of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time in older adults. Eight-hundred-and-two community-dwelling older Japanese adults (72.5 ± 5.9 years) participated in this study. Sedentary behavioir time and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time were assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer. Lower extremity performance was assessed by repeated chair stand, single leg stance, and timed up and go tests. Jonckheere terpstra trend test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to identify the single relation between sedentary behaviour time and lower extremity performance. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to identify whether sedentary behaviour time is associated with lower extremity performance independent of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time. Results of single relation analysis showed there were negative associations between sedentary behaviour time and all lower extremity performance tests. Multivariable analysis indicated that sedentary behaviour time was not significantly associated with any lower extremity performances but moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time was positively associated with all lower extremity performance tests. In conclusion, sedentary behaviour time would be less useful than moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity time as an indicator for modifying habitual behavior to maintain good lower extremity performance in community-dwelling older adults.

The Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT)

Introduction: The present study describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) based on a novel, generalisable intervention for childhood obesity, comparing the intervention with a no-treatment control group. Method: The Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT) was a single-blind RCT of a dietetic treatment for childhood obesity in children of primary school age (7 to 11 years old) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The MASCOT comprising eight sessions, of an 8-hour family-centred group treatment programme is described, based on behavioural change techniques. The study sample was characterised by BMI zscore, health related quality of life reported by participants and their parents (PedsQL questionnaire), objectively measured habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour (Actigraph accelerometry) Results: The MASCOT sample of 107 children was characterised by a low quality of life, mean total score on PedsQL 67.7 (4.5) as reported by the children, and 66.0 (16.4) as reported by their parents. The children spent, on average, 89% of their waking day on sedentary activity, and 1% of the day in moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity, equivalent to only around 8 minutes/day. Conclusion: Obese children in the MASCOT study had an impaired quality of life, high levels of sedentary behaviour and very low levels of physical activity.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour among Adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia

Physical inactivity is strongly associated with obesity and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study using multistage random sampling was conducted to determine associations between demographic characteristics, sedentary behaviours and physical activity among adolescents. Data were collected from 785 (414 males and 371 females) Form four students attending 15 schools in Petaling District, Selangor using an adapted self-administered questionnaire. Results showed that more females (50.1%) were physically inactive compared to males (39.6%) (Adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-2.15). Physically inactive adolescents were less likely to participate in intramural/house league sports (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.19-2.44), school team sports (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03-2.04) and individual physical activities outside school (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.11-2.12) compared to their physically active counterparts. Physically inactive adolescents were also less engaged in sedentary activities, such as television watching (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94), playing computer/video game (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28-0.72), talking on the telephone/mobile phone text messaging (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.32-0.69) and reading (OR:0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.86) compared to those who were physically active. In this study, physical activity coexists with sedentary behaviour in adolescents. Sedentary activities may not necessarily displace physical activity among youth. In addition, these data suggest that promoting organised sports in school and outside the school among youths may be a potential strategy for increasing physical activity in this population.